Feb 3: Machines & Meaning
Feb 10: Grounding Language
Readings
D. McDermott. Artificial intelligence meets natural stupidity. Chapter 5 of Mind Design: Philosophy, Psychology, Artificial Intelligence, edited by J. Haugeland, pages 143-160. MIT Press, 1981.
D. Roy. (in press). Grounding language in the world: Schema theory meets semiotics. Artificial Intelligence.
Optional
S. Harnad. The symbol grounding problem. Physica D, 42:335-346, 1990.
T. Winograd and F. Flores. (1986). Understanding computers and cognition: A new foundation for design, Chapters 8 and 9, pages 93-124. Addison-Wesley.
Feb 17: Barsalou guest lecture (Location for this meeting only is Bartos Theater, E15 -070)
Readings
L. Barsalou. (2003). Abstraction in Perceptual Symbol Systems. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B., 358, 1177-1187.
Optional
A. Glenberg (1997). What memory is for. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20 (1): 1-55.
Feb 24: Action and Purpose
Readings
M. Minsky. (1985). Society of Mind, Chapter 7: Problems and Goals.
B. Blumberg. (1994). Action-Selection in Hamsterdam: Lessons from Ethology. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Simulation of Adaptive Behavior.
Optional
A. Rosenblueth, N. Wiener, and J. Bigelow. Behavior, purpose and teleology. Philosophy of Science, 10:18-24, 1943.
Mar 3: Objects and Affordances
Readings
Gibson, J.J. (1979). The Theory of Affordances. In: The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Erlbaum.
G. Drescher. (1993). The Schema Mechanism. In Machine Learning: From Theory to Applications (S. Hanson, W. Remmele, and R. Rivest, eds.). Springer, pp 125-138.
Optional
B.C. Smith. (1996). Origin of Objects (excerpt). MIT Press.
March 10: Affordances, Part II
Readings
Bickhard: Function, Anticipation, Representation
Stolcke, A. (1995). An Efficient Probabilistic Context-Free Parsing Algorithm that Computes Prefix Probabilities. Computational Linguistics, Volume 21 , Issue 2, pp 165-201.
Optional
B.C. Smith. (1996). Origin of Objects (excerpt). MIT Press.
Mar 17: Analogical Meaning
Readings
J. Hummel and K. Holyoak. (1997). Distributed Representations of Structure: A Theory of Analogical Access and Mapping. Psychological Review, Vol. 104, No. 3., 427-466.
D. Hofstadter. (1995). A Review of Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought. AI Magazine, Fall 1995, 75-80.
K. Forbus, D. Gentner, A. Markman, R. Ferguson. (1998). Analogy just looks like high level perception: Why a domain-general approach to analogical mapping is right. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence.
Mar 24: No class (spring break)
Mar 31: Indexicals, Symbol Formation
Readings
Z. Pylyshyn. Situating vision in the world. Trends in the Cognitive Sciences 4(5):197-207, 2000.
E. Bates. The Emergence of Symbols. Academic Press, 1979. (Chapter 2: Intentions, Conventions, Symbols).
Optional
H. Werner and B. Kaplan. Symbol Formation. Wiley, 1963. (excerpts from chapters 1-4)
April 7: Communicative Action
Readings
P. Grice. (1989). Studies in the Way of Words (Chapter 2: Logic and Conversation). Harvard University Press.
B. Grosz and C. Sidner. Attention, intentions and the structure of discourse. Computational Linguistics. 12(3):175-204, 1986.
Apr 14:
TBA
Apr 21: TBA
Apr 28:
TBA
May 5: No class (sponsor meetings, DL on this day)
May 12: Project presentations
Possible Class Readings:
H. Clark. (1996). Using Language. Cambridge University Press.
D. Dennett. (1981/1997). True Believers: The Intentional Strategy and Why It Works. in Mind Design II, J. Haugeland (ed.), MIT Press.
Heyes, C. M. (1998). Theory of mind in nonhuman primates. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21 (1): 101-134.
D. Marr. Vision. Freeman, 1982. (Chapter 1: The philosophy and approach).
A. Newell. You can't play 20 questions with nature and win: Projective comments on the papers of this symposium. In W. Chase, editor, Visual Information Processing, New York, 1973. Academic Press.
D. Roy. Computational Models of Language Grounding. (In review, Trends in Cognitive Science).
J. Searle. (1980). Minds, Brains, and Programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3, 417-424.
D. Dennett. (1980). The milk of human intentionality. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3: 429-430.
N. Block. (1978). Troubles with Functionalism. In C. W. Savage, ed., Perception and Cognition: Issues in the Foundations of Psychology, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 9, 261-325. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
R. Millikan. (2004). Varieties of Meaning, MIT Press (excerpt from Introduction).